Esophageal varices are enlarged veins in the lining of the lower esophagus, often caused by increased pressure in the veins of the liver. This condition is commonly seen in patients with liver cirrhosis, as the liver is unable to properly regulate blood flow. Esophageal varices can lead to serious complications such as bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Research in this area focuses on understanding the causes, risk factors, prevention, and treatment options for esophageal varices in order to improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with this condition.